Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King :: Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

Fate in Oedipus the King Fate. Even the word alone is intimidating. I believe I can safely say that everyone at one point in their lives have wondered about fate. "Christian fate" is something that I have never thought of before, though it is something that I believe in with all my heart. I believe that each person has a fate in store for them. Are human lives just a predetermined course of events? The idea of destiny is one that has been written about since the beginning of time. In Sophocles' drama, Oedipus the King, fate seems to have a strong hold during the entire tale. How much of this story truly reflects reality? Where does Christianity fit into the picture of fate? These are the thoughts of the growing world around us. The thought of something predetermined for our lives is a frightening one. Put yourself in Oedipus' position. He was told he would one day kill his father and sleep with his mother. Who wouldn't try and alter their future if told such horrid news? I believe that even though this ending was always going to happen to Oedipus he still had the chance to change the outcome. This same idea is reflected in each one of our lives as well. Oedipus made decisions that led to his sad ending. God knows the ending of our lives. He knows what is in store for us. Does this mean that we have no choice or say in what happens in our lives? In my opinion, it doesn't. God knows what choices we are going to make. Like us, Oedipus had choices to make. Society often blames God for rough times in their lives, but most of the time the rough moments are results from our own bad choices. Sophocles cleverly weaves this idea into his drama. I'm not sure if Oedipus could have changed his future by holding in his temper. Thankfully, our lives are not determined by Greek gods, but by the one true God, who gives us a choice for our future. Christians, like Oedipus, know their fate. We know Jesus is preparing a place for us in heaven.

Ironic Narrative in A Farewell To Arms by Ernest Hemingway Essay

Within the pages of A Farewell to Arms, modernist work of the 1920s, Hemingway often blurs the lines between the romantic narrative pattern and the ironic one. Critics argue over the specifics of each case: Do his heroes change and grow? Do they stagnate? Do they fail? Are they initiated into some greater consciousness of the world around them? Are Hemingway’s heroes romantic conquistadors or are they ironic failures? How does an understanding of these heroes’ initiations enhance Hemingway’s meaning in the novel? These are the sorts of questions that must be considered in any effort to determine the necessity of an ironic reading of this important Hemingway work. Paradigms Romance and Irony Although tragedy and comedy have typified many movements and periods of literary history, for the purposes of this essay, it is necessary to focus upon the paradigms of romance and irony. These narrative patterns are not as familiar to many readers. Readers may associate romance with a particular genre of literature, whether gothic or harlequin, or recognize salient ironic details within plots, characters, and/or dialogues, but many fail to realize the archetypal patterns that define the literary paradigms of romance and irony and their relationship to one another. Foulke and Smith lay the foundation for this exploration of romantic hero versus ironic anti-hero and romantic quest versus anti-quest, yet this construction can be explored even more fully if one examines the elements of the hero’s journey as (de) constructed by Joseph Campbell in Hero with a Thousand Faces. In this work, Campbell draws from the traditions of Freud and Jung to illustrate how the â€Å"deeds of myth survive into modern times† (Campbell 4). Because themes of initiation and the related hero’s quest are fundamental to the human condition, tying into universal perceptions of birth, growth, and death, the quest theme itself is always a â€Å"shape-shifting yet marvelously consistent story† that fits into the psychologically prescribed â€Å"checkpoints† of a narrative pattern such as romance or irony (Campbell 3). In the realm of romance, young heroes, generally in possession of some power that transcends the ordinary, are called to adventure, initiated into some sort of knowledge or greater understanding of the universe (in other words, he or she receives the booty or treasure, whether physical, psychological, or spiritual), and returns transformed, armed with some sort of greater understanding about the world around him or her significant enough to improve the plight of humankind or at least improve the lot of society (Foulke and Smith 5). On the contrary, the ironic journey is rooted in, well, irony. Perhaps the ironic hero, plagued by a less than ordinary potency, living in a world of chaos and disorder, ventures upon an aimless journey, and either fails to attain the treasure, or perhaps even more significantly, remains unchanged by his or her quest (Foulke and Smith 5). The narrative modes of romance and irony, then, can best be explored by pitting one against the other. Each pattern illustrates or represents a polarized human experience: romance represents the imagined, idealized world of constancy and order, while the ironic mode represents â€Å"the world of frustrated human desires† (Foulke and Smith 8). Because of the universal significance of such patterns, such paradigms are powerful mechanisms for the exploration of the human condition. Ironic Narrative in A Farewell to Arms From the beginning of the novel, readers immediately sense the ambiguity and uncertainty of hero’s role in an unpredictable world. The book opens with an ironic tone depicting a wilting earth in a drenched autumn: â€Å"leaves all fell from the chestnut trees and the branches were bare,† even the vineyards are described as â€Å"thin and bare-branched† (Hemingway 4). And, even more poetically, Hemingway artfully sets up an ironic tone for the novel by cleverly, though morbidly, emphasizing that with â€Å"the winter came permanent rain and with the rain came the cholera†; though, â€Å"in the end† only seven thousand â€Å"died of it in the army† (Hemingway 4). With this opening, a wilting depiction of nature, Hemingway sets his readers up for an ironic interpretation of his novel. It is within the context of such a pervasive unsettling setting, as typical of the ironic mode, that readers encounter Hemingway’s ironic hero: Frederic Henry. Frederic is initially set into a traditional hero’s role: he is a soldier. And, not only is Frederic a soldier, but he is an American volunteer for the Italian army. Within the context of the traditional romanticized soldier hero, it could be suggested that such action as volunteering for someone else’s war is valiant, brave, and even representative of that larger-than-life archetypal hero depicted in narrative romance. However, Hemingway is certain to emphasize Frederic’s naivetà ©, if not foolishness, from the very beginning of this anti-hero’s journey. Although Frederic technically ranks as an officer, he describes his work to Catherine as â€Å"not really [with] the army,† but â€Å"only the ambulance† (Hemingway 18). As an ambulance driver on the Italian front, Frederic’s innocence is encapsulated in his belief that it is impossible for him to be killed at the front; after all, the war â€Å"did not have anything to do† with him (Hemingway 37). Frederic’s innocence is also depicted and reinforced by his obliviousness to the war; he is able to travel comfortably in convoy if in â€Å"the first car† and appreciate the â€Å"clear, fast and shallow† river and the mysterious looming mountains (Hemingway 44-5). Frederic’s ability to appreciate the â€Å"picturesque† Italian front illustrates his inability to realize the significance of both the â€Å"deep pools† of the river â€Å"blue like the sky† and the reality of life and death shuttled within his ambulance (Hemingway 47). This naivetà © is similarly reflected early in the novel by the fact that Frederic clearly and staunchly believes in the traditional virtues of soldiering: good soldiers are ‘†brave and have good discipline'† (Hemingway 48). When these naive character traits are coupled with the dominant impression presented by the fading, rainy fall, and cholera-struck winter, the stage is set early on in A Farewell to Arms for another Hemingway triumph of irony. However, from the beginning of the book, readers are aware that Frederic is becoming increasingly cognizant of the fact that â€Å"It evidently made no difference† whether he â€Å"was there to look after things or not† (Hemingway 16). When Frederic returns to the front after his leave time, he realizes that all is as he â€Å"had left it except that now it was spring† (Hemingway 10); the front had remained static, and neither side had advanced or taken new territory. As typical of the ironic hero, Frederic begins to think that perhaps â€Å"the whole thing† runs better without him anyway (Hemingway 16). From Frederic’s perspective, not even the wounded in the hospital are â€Å"real wounded†; rather, true casualties could only result from the action when the war picks back up again (Hemingway 12). Frederic’s dissatisfaction with the world around him represents his call to adventure. As a foreigner in someone else’s war, Frederic Henry is beginning to sense the calculated nature of war as well as his insignificance in this cataclysmic event. For regardless of the supposed honor of military service, Frederic is beginning to question the dignity of his post; he considers his position as an ambulance driver to be â€Å"not really the army,† the Italian salute, a gesture â€Å"not made for export,† begins to make him uncomfortable, and even the steel helmets soldiers are required to wear seem â€Å"too bloody theatrical† (Hemingway 18, 23, 28-9). And, even life at the front is beginning to grow dull: â€Å"The priest was good but dull. The officers were not good but dull. The King was good but dull.† Only the wine, â€Å"bad,† was â€Å"not dull† (Hemingway 38-9). Frederic is beginning to question his role, and his significanc e, within the context of the war, and within the context of his morality. All around Frederic Henry, soldiers much more connected than he is to the war, such as Italian peasants, workers, and citizens, recognize the horror of the war for what it is: senseless fighting for abstract principles that results in the death of innocent soldiers often blindly fighting for these goals. This reality is exemplified in Frederic’s encounter with a soldier suffering from a hernia at the front. The soldier, of course, wants out, but tells Frederic, the ambulance driver, that officers do not find his condition worthy of excusing him from duty. Henry advises the man with the hernia to â€Å"fall down by the road and get a bump on† his head so that he can legitimize taking the soldier to the hospital (Hemingway 35). However, irony permeates this situation. Henry and his compadres encounter the man with the â€Å"rupture† once again, only this time his head is bleeding as two men lift him; â€Å"They had come back for him after all† (Hemingway 36). This anecdote illustrates the fundamentally ironic nature of war: violence, injury, motivation, unpredictable motives and priorities, the inherent irony in fighting for someone else’s cause. Soldiers in war must struggle to choose to fight for arguably noble causes of an abstract nation, ideological principle, or political goal, look out for one another on the front, or simply prioritize their own survival. Frederic must grapple with why he is risking his life in this war at all. Is there more to fighting in a war than simply existing in a particular place at a particular time? Frederic himself suggests that he merely stumbled into the war: he â€Å"was in Italy†¦and spoke Italian† (Hemingway 22). How moral is it to participate in collective violence without a passionate code of ethics that supports the cause? These are the types of concerns plaguing Hemingway’s ironic hero as he is beckoned towards the threshold of adventure. Conclusion After analyzing the impotent nature of the major character of A Farwell to Arms, it becomes clear that the novel do indeed illustrate the futile struggle of a â€Å"lost generation.† Perhaps the most central question that must be explored in the consideration of whether or not this work are examples of the paradigm of narrative irony hinges upon the endings of the works. Does Frederic transform over the course of his literal and symbolic journey? It is clear that he does not. Frederic has learned that life is only meaningful if one lives it according to his or her own values, but he has also learned the lessons of the great irony: that â€Å"the world breaks everyone†¦It kills the good, and the very gentle, and the very brave impartially† and â€Å"The only thing that one can be sure of in this world is that one will be destroyed† (Hemingway 249; Phelan 54). Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms ends in utter irony. When Frederic finally says goodbye to his beloved Catherine, he remarks that it is like â€Å"saying good-by to a statue.† The novel ends as Frederic walks â€Å"back to the hotel in the rain† (Hemingway 332). Left in a post-World War I experience, Frederic is lost, â€Å"bereft, homeless, and a drift† (Donaldson 15); Frederic Henry has learned the ironic lessons of life, and attempted to establish and live by a moral code dictated by his own creation, only to be defeated by the ultimate truth of existence, that is, that stripped of the traditional props of God, country, and tradition, the modern hero must face the â€Å"harsh and irremediable realities of existence† (Gurko 65). Hemingway’s skillful use of narrative irony in this text represents the most appropriate use of the modernist writer’s palette, for within the â€Å"anti-hero† of Frederic Henry readers find universal symbols for the plight of modern man. Because Hemingway stresses this fundamental futility of the human struggle within the confines of life and death, any interpretations that stress the romantic triumphs of this early Hemingway novel, that is, that this hero attain knowledge that can transform his world within his move from innocence to experience, is countered by the undeniable reality portrayed in this novel and that the book â€Å"end in overwhelming irony† (Smith 33). The ironic mode dominates as Frederic, desperate to add meaning to his life through love and experience, emerge as mere humans â€Å"clutching at a straw† (Smith 34). As Philip Young so eloquently argues in Hemingway: A Reconsideration, the fundamental reality of both the ironic mode, as well as Hemingway’s novel, is that â€Å"In the end, man is trapped† (93). Works Cited Campbell, Joseph. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Princeton: Princeton University, 1968. Donaldson, Scott. Introduction. New Essays on A Farewell to Arms. Ed. Scott Donaldson. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1990. 1-25. Foulke, Robert and Paul Smith. An Anatomy of Literature. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972. Gurko, Leo. Ernest Hemingway and the Pursuit of Heroism. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1968. Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. New York: Scribner, 1995 Phelan, James. â€Å"Distance, Voice, and Temporal Perspective in Frederic Henry’s Narration: Successes, Problems, and Paradox.† New Essays on A Farewell to Arms. Ed. Scott Donaldson. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1990. 53-74. Smith, Paul. â€Å"The Trying-out of A Farewell to Arms.† New Essays on A Farewell to Arms. Ed. Scott Donaldson. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1990. 27-54.

Recycling Informative Speech - 947 Words

Is Recycling Important? Attention Getter: According to epa.gov, â€Å"Each person in the United States produces an average of 4 pounds of household hazardous waste each year for a total of about 530,000 tons/year.† Background: Trash continues to increase, as the world continues to last. Easy disposable products such as water bottles and soda cans has led to increasing amount of pollution around the world. Audience Relevance: Recycling is something most people choose to ignore. Recycling helps the world by reusing trash to make new products. As a result, this helps reduce the amount of trash that rot in landfills and pollution. Speaker Credibility: My family has recycle for over the past 10 years. I believe it is something important that†¦show more content†¦Recently, oceanographers and ecologists discovered that about 70% of marine debris actually sinks to the bottom of the ocean. As a result, not recycling hurts the marine life as it leaves leftovers behind to rot. This is important because it affects the whole world we live in. Our mess our the result of our world. Transition to 2nd Main Point: I have just finished talking about the problem. Next I will talk about the causes of not recycling. Main Point2: Robert Orben, a comedian writer states â€Å"There s so much pollution in the air now that if it weren t for our lungs there d be no place to put it all†. As a result, we should we should start recycling and stop leaving trash behind. This is significant because the problem of not recycling causes pollution. Pollution we create is harming the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water we drink. Sub-point A: With plastic being everywhere, everytime it gets thrown away or washed down, the toxic pollutants enter the environment and do harm. Trash dumps and landfills are also major problems as they allow pollutants to affect the land and water. It sends chemicals everywhere to harm the environment. The landfills are taking too much space and releases greenhouse gas, methane. It is 25 more times potent than carbon dioxide. Sub-point B: The causes of not recycling, leaves pollution. With pollution is that it wrecks the natural environment. Pollution becomesShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech : Recycling And Recycling882 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive Speech Students Name: Starr Gibbs SUBJECT: Recycling GENERAL PURPOSE: To persuade SPECIFIC PURPOSE: To persuade the audience to become more active in the community to recycle. Specifically, to convince the audience to begin recycling household products and buying recycled goods. 1. SUPPORTING MATERIALS: Documented Sources: 1. A Feasibility Study for Recycling Used Automotive Oil Filters In A Blast Furnace. (2002). Idaho Falls, Idaho: United States. Dept. of Energy. 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Analysis of zenzele a letter Essay - 1664 Words

Analysis of: Zenzele: A Letter for My Daughter By J. Nozipo Maraire Dominique Kemp History 1210-01 Professor Adejumobi November 17, 2014 The novel, Zenzele1, is so much more than the telling of a good, touching story. Zenzele informs and educates its reader to what it means to be an African. The story is unfolded as a letter from a mother, Amai Zenzele, to her daughter, Zenzele. Reading a mothers perspective on the many different lessons that Amai attempts and hopes to teach and impart upon her daughter is a privilege in itself. Amai Zenzele recollects several anecdotes from her past as inspiration to inform and educate her daughter through her words, her verbal pearls of wisdom. These valuable lessons from her life include†¦show more content†¦Amai wants her daughter to carry on the traditions from their culture but knows she has to find her own way in the world. Zenzele is a beautiful letter, given to a daughter from her mother on her departure for university. The mother firmly, but lovingly reminds her daughter that there is no place like home and whatever culture she finds in this new country, to remember where she comes from. Each chapter is simply a lesson in itself, intended to prepare Zenzele of the challenges she may face as a black woman studying in a predominantly white country. When it comes to cultures and traditions, I don’t think you have to take everything literally. Amai explains so many things to her daughter about her beliefs and hope for her daughter but that doesn’t mean she expects every single thing to be carried out by Zenzele. Parents know that kids make mistakes and the only way to learn is by making those same mistakes. Amai writes this letter to Zenzele, hoping to remind her of some of what she’s being telling Zenzele of her whole life. Amai writes about growing up and the hardships she endured in a racially segregated Rhodesia and what being an African woman meant to her. She talks of the African culture from the point of view of Europeans; how their inability to regard Africans as human beings was unbearable and how ignorant the white Europeans were of their civilization. Amai conveys her passion on many topics including interracial marriages, relationships with other

Racial Profiling And The Law Enforcement Essay - 1854 Words

Racial profiling is used by many Americans in the united states. Blacks, whites and mexicans all use racial profiling. Their profiling is much different then you could say is used by police enforcement today. Minorities are high on the list of racial profiling by police in today s society. This has caused many issues with minorities and police enforcement relations since police use this as a way of controlling crime rates in many cities. With this paper it will be to show and scrutinize every aspect of consequences of racial profiling with police and individuals such as minorities. To be able to explain and probe racial profiling and the issues that coincide with this issue. I will then provide an explanation with background of what racial profiling means. Then providing research that will show the issue of racial profiling with how it will affect the relations between individuals and law enforcement departments. 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Preparation of Acetanilide Free Essays

Synthesis of Acetanilide Reaction O NH2 + H3C C O O C CH3 O N C CH3 H + H3C O C OH Aniline Acetic anhydride Acetanilide Acetic acid Purpose: Acetanilide is a useful precursor to many pharmaceuticals such as acetaminophen and penicillin. Experimental Procedure. (Estimated time: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Preparation of Acetanilide or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5 h. ) Unless otherwise noted, all manipulations should be done in the chemical fume hood. Place 100 Â µL of aniline into a tared 10 X 75-mm test tube (standing in a small beaker or Erlenmeyer flask). Now add 0. -mL of distilled water; with swirling, followed by 3 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Add 10 mg of powdered decolorizing charcoal, or the pelletized form (Norit) to the resulting solution. Fit the test tube with a cork stopper and take it back to your hood. Gravity filter this suspension (25-mm funnel fitted with fluted fast-grade filter paper – see instructor) into a 3. 0-mL conical vial containing a magnetic spin vane. Wet the filter paper in advance with distilled water and blot the excess water from the stem of the funnel. Use an additional 0. 5 mL of distilled water to rinse the test tube and pass that through the filter paper into your vial. Your aniline hydrochloride solution is ready for reaction. Assemble the apparatus as shown below: CONICAL VIAL W/ MAGNETIC SPIN VANE AND AIR CONDENSER Dissolve 150 mg (1. 10 mmol) of sodium acetate trihydrate in 0. 5 mL of distilled water in a 10 X 17-mm test tube. Cap the tube and set the solution aside for use in the next step. Feature Article –Â  Free-Radical Bromination Add, with stirring, 150 Â µL of acetic anhydride to the solution of aniline hydrochloride, followed quickly by addition (Pasteur pipet) of the previously prepared solution of sodium acetate. Stir to thoroughly mix the reagents (~5 min. ). You should see the formation of a white precipitate. Allow the reaction mixture to stand at room temperature for approximately 5 min and then place it in an ice bath for an additional 5-10 min to complete the crystallization process. Collect the acetanilide product by filtration under reduced pressure using a Buchner funnel. Rinse the conical vial with two 0. 5-mL portions of distilled water and use the rinse to wash the collected filter cake. Characterization. Weigh and determine the percent yield of the product. Obtain an IR spectrum using the total internal reflectance attachment. Take a 1H NMR of your product – if there is not enough we will pool samples together. Take the melting point of the product and compare it to the literature value. BUCHNER FUNNEL How to cite Preparation of Acetanilide, Essay examples

Human Beings Are Capable of Both Great Good and Great Evil free essay sample

A brutal persecution has been presented on the family, who of which appeal as kind natured people. As Felix finds an unconscious daughter of the late family, he executes a brave proceed, risking his own life for this young girl- ‘I haul the unconscious girl up onto my back, and stagger through the smoke and sparks. ’ Now not only does this young boy have himself to care for, to protect, to feed, and keep alive, but also a young girl, who has already seen too much. Great evil was surrounding the lives of many during the holocaust. The twitch of a trigger ending the life’s of hundreds of thousands of Jews. ‘The cobblestones hurt my face. The gunshots hurt my ears. I start crying. I don’t know what to do. I haven’t got any more stories. ’ As Felix has reached the city after being captured by the Nazi officers, His beloved friend Zelda, who he saved from a house fire, got captured by Nazi Germans with, walked for days in pouring rain, seeing far to deeper versions of evil, and assumed things weren’t right with; had just slipped through that slim line, of life and death. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Beings Are Capable of Both Great Good and Great Evil or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After a Nazi officer has held a gun to the young girls head, it has suddenly snapped to Felix, that the Nazis are evil, and want to see nothing less or more than pain. His brave self has once again put another before himself, speaking up, begging for her life to be unharmed, only for his plead to be replied to with a gunshot. Unaware of whether Zelda was alive, Felix laid on the cobblestone road. In this example, an act of both great good, and great vil have been perceived, whilst Felix was fighting for his life, trying to get his head around what was happening, Nazi officers are shooting at any Jew they wish, treating them like fish in the sea- plentiful. Their heartless selves laugh at the shooting bullets results. Felix doesn’t yet fully understand what is going on [ 1 ]. The holocaust was a time surrounding WWII, where genocide against all Jewish people in Poland occurred; the massive killing lead by Dictator Adolf Hitler. [ 2 ]. P. [ 3 ]. P. [ 4 ]. P. 73